Poor Brad was found living underneath a house, desperate
for food and shelter from the cold. Luckily he was rescued and brought into our
care. He looks like he’s been in the wars and was quite frightened on arrival.
His ears were really itchy and causing him some discomfort, after some ear
drops, he needed to be neutered too.
Brad - December 2017 |
After lots of TLC he’s feeling much
better. Once gaining his confidence with the CCAs he loves his warm comfy, bed
regular meals and all the fuss he can ask for. He’s a very affectionate boy who
will make a lovely companion for somebody. Due to living rough he has
contracted FIV - Feline Immunodeficiency Virus so he will need to find an indoor home. Now Brad is ready for adoption, he is looking forward to finding a loving forever home.
Handsome boy! |
Here's some info about FIV and indoor life for cats below, Brad has of course done some modelling for this blog too.....
What is Feline
Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?
FIV is a virus
in cats that is similar to the human virus, HIV or Human Immunodeficiency
Virus. However, FIV does not infect humans, and HIV does not infect cats.
How do cats catch FIV?
The virus is
present in the blood, saliva and other body fluids of infected cats. It is very
delicate and is unable to survive for long periods outside of the cat – so it
cannot be transferred to other cats from your hands or clothes. Cats primarily
pick up the virus through fighting – via bite wounds – or through mating behaviour,
but it can also be passed from an infected female cat to her kittens.
Do all cats that get the virus
become permanently infected?
Yes. A cat will
produce antibodies, but these are ineffective and once a cat has FIV, they will
be FIV positive for the rest of their life.
What are the signs of FIV?
There is an
incubation period of months or even years when your cat may be perfectly
healthy before signs of infection show. Many infected cats have years of normal
life and may die from something else entirely before their FIV infection causes
any problems.
Signs of FIV are
varied but usually result from a weakened immune system and therefore a
vulnerability to other infections. Once disease develops, infected cats may:
·
become repeatedly ill e.g with cat flu, sore gums, skin disease or digestive
upsets
·
simply seem ‘off-colour’ or have a high temperature
·
take a long time to recover from infections
·
lose weight
·
develop tumours
How do I have my cat tested
for FIV?
Vets can quickly
perform a test that detects the antibodies to the virus in blood. It is
recommended that positive results – particularly those from otherwise healthy
cats – are sent for confirmation using a different test at an external
laboratory, as false positive results can occur.
Kittens less
than five to six months old may have had antibodies passed on to them by their
infected mothers, but not the virus itself. On average, only a third of kittens
born to FIV-positive mothers actually have FIV themselves. A special test to
detect the virus should be performed on such kittens and antibody tests can be
repeated when the kittens are five to six months old. Results can give a false
negative if a cat has only recently been exposed to the virus.
Is there any treatment for
FIV?
There is
currently no reliable treatment for FIV and it is not possible to predict if
and when signs may develop. Vets will treat each FIV-positive cat individually,
depending on the signs they develop, but treatment may involve:
·
antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatory drugs as appropriate for secondary
recurrent infections
·
drugs that may help through direct anti-viral activity
·
keeping infected cats indoors, with a good diet and ensuring they are fully
vaccinated and regularly treated against fleas and worms. This will help to
protect them from secondary infections, as well as help to prevent the spread
of FIV to other cats.
Cats
Protection recommends that FIV-positive cats are kept indoors and only allowed
outside in an impenetrable garden or safe run. They should not be allowed
direct contact with FIV-negative cats.
Indoor
life....
Ideally all cats
would be allowed access to the outdoors to express their natural behaviour.
However, cats can adapt to living indoors, particularly if they are used to it
from a young age. Some cats need to be confined indoors due to medical
conditions and others prefer an indoor life. If they become bored they may
develop behaviour problems so there are a number of ways to keep your cat
happy:
Keep them occupied…
Domestic cats
that have free access to the outdoors will still often engage in hunting
activity even if there is no access to prey – e.g. playing with fallen leaves,
or grass blowing in the wind. It is important to allow cats opportunities to
exhibit hunting behaviour, as it keeps them mentally stimulated and releases
feel-good hormones called endorphins. Indoor cats aren’t able to play outside,
so it is important to provide them with toys and activities to keep them
occupied.Brad with a puzzle feeder |
If you are out
of the house all day, you might consider getting two cats. They may keep
each other company and stop each other from becoming bored. However, while this
set up can work well if the two cats have been brought up together, this is not
a guarantee. Even some siblings may prefer not to remain together once they
reach adulthood.
If you do
introduce a new cat to your home, it is critical to do this slowly and carefully
to avoid lifelong tension which may lead to behavioural issues and conflict. If
the two cats do not get along, it can be even more stressful for them if they
are confined indoors and can never escape each other.
Indoor benefits
• Your cat will be protected from loss
or outdoor hazards, such as road accidents, physical attacks from other animals
and outdoor poisons, if they are kept solely indoors
• Your cat may be less likely to
contract parasites or infectious disease through not having direct contact with
other cats or the environment used by cats or other animals
• Your cat won’t hunt if kept solely
indoors – assuming your house is rodent-proof – however, opportunities to play
and express hunting behaviour must still be given
Keep your cat safe indoors….
·
Indoor hazards – It’s important to remember to keep
cupboards, washing machines and tumble driers closed. Toilet lids should be
kept down to avoid any risk of drowning. Balconies and windows should be safely
fenced over with strong wire mesh or screens, making sure there are no gaps
that your cat could fall through
·
Houseplants – some plants and flowers –
particularly lilies – can be toxic to cats. It’s probably best to ensure you
don’t have plants that are dangerous to cats in your home, or certainly not
within your cats’ reach
·
Household products – cats are very susceptible to
poisoning. A number of everyday household items can pose a danger to cats and
should be kept safely away
·
inactivity and obesity – indoor cats need to be provided with opportunities to
exercise to avoid them getting fat or inactive which can lead to other health
issues
·
over-dependence – a solitary indoor cat will rely on its owner to provide
stimulation, companionship and exercise and can become over-dependent
·
escape – keeping windows and doors shut to prevent an indoor cat escaping can
be difficult in busy households. If the cat does get out, they’ll be highly
stressed and disorientated as they’ll have no experience of the outdoor
environment. It is recommended that you microchip your cat, even if they live
indoors to increase the chance of them being reunited with you if they go
missing
Cats
in the wild spend a lot of their time on short, frequent hunting expeditions.
In comparison, domestic cats are given food bowls, so it doesn’t take long for
them to eat their daily ration or allow them to make use of their great senses.
Try using feeding puzzle balls to give part, or all, of your cat’s daily
ration. It is best to let cats get used to this gradually, to ensure they have
enough to eat and don’t become frustrated.
Enhancing and maximising the
indoor environment for all cats
Cats should be
provided with a stimulating and safe indoor environment, whether they go
outside or not. If your cat is solely kept indoors, then this is particularly
essential. If you have more than one cat, offer enough resources in different
locations where your cats can eat, drink, toilet, rest and hide.
Play and exercise
Keep your cat
amused with toys, climbing towers or activity centres. These can be bought or
made – a cardboard box with holes cut into it or a ball of tin foil can be
perfectly adequate. Play is more fun if you get involved too – you can use
fishing rod toys with feathers on a string to mimic their prey! Opportunities to
exhibit hunting behaviour are often triggered by toys which move and attract
the cat’s attention. Older cats will love playing three or four times a day,
but the type of play may need to be adapted to suit their needs and level of
mobility.Brad playing with CCA Charlie |
Younger cats
will be happy to play 10 times a day or more. Very short games of one to two
minutes are fine – cats use their energy in short bursts when hunting, so try
to mimic this. Create interest at meal times by hiding biscuits around the
house for your cat to find. Make a pyramid out of cardboard toilet roll tubes
and hide food in the tubes, or use a puzzle ball. Swap toys around regularly to
keep them interesting.
Somewhere to hide
It is important
to always provide your cat with an easily accessible place to hide which will
help to make them feel safe and secure. A hiding place can be something as
simple as a cardboard box on its side, or upside down with large holes for
access. Alternatively, you could purchase an igloo style cat bed, or offer
space under the bed or in a wardrobe with the door left ajar. The cat shouldn’t
be disturbed while they are hiding.Brad enjoying a fuss! |
Somewhere to get up high
Cats feel safer
if they can view their surroundings from a height and this also increases their
territory by providing extra vertical space that they can use. This is a common
coping mechanism for cats that feel anxious or fearful. You could place a cosy
blanket on top of a wardrobe and provide access by placing a stool or similar
item next to it. Cats also love to sit on window sills and shelves. Extra
consideration should be given to elderly cats.
Sleeping
On average, cats
spend about 16 hours a day sleeping. Cats generally rest or sleep
intermittently throughout the day and will prefer a warm, comfortable and safe
place. There is a large range of cat beds available, including igloo beds, or
hammocks for the radiator. A simple cardboard box with a blanket inside will
also do the trick.
Scratching and climbing
A scratching
post will provide exercise, claw maintenance and a focal point for your cat to
express this natural behaviour
– it will help
protect your furniture too. Cats like to stretch and scratch after they wake
up, so try placing the scratching post near where they sleep. A good scratching
post has the following features:
• a strong sturdy base so the cat can
lean against the post without it wobbling
• tall enough that the cat can stretch
fully
• a vertical thread that allows the cat
to scratch downwards
Eating grass
A type of grass
that cats particularly like is Cocksfoot – it has long broad leaves so it is
easy for them to bite. It is believed that eating grass helps cats to cough up
hairballs. If your cat can’t go outside, Cocksfoot grass can be grown indoors.
Seeds are readily available from garden centres and pet shops. If no grass is
provided, your cat may try to eat other household plants which can pose a risk.
Toileting
It is a good
idea to have one litter tray per cat, plus one extra – especially if your cats
are kept indoors. Place the litter trays in different quiet areas of the house,
away from the food and water bowls. Cats don’t like using dirty or soiled trays
so make sure the litter tray is cleaned at least once a day. This helps to
prevent accidents as well as being more hygienic. Cats generally prefer at
least 3cm depth of litter and a litter of a sandy texture. Make any changes to
the tray, the litter or its location very slowly to avoid accidents.
Indoor
cats can make extremely rewarding pets and giving a home to an FIV positive cat
may give you both many years of happiness together. For more information please
visit our website www.axhayes.cats.org.uk. Thank you.